News from Brownsville: Helen Chapman's Letters from the Texas Military Frontier, 1848-1852 (Barker Texas History Center Series, No 2)

Rating:
Summary: An interesting and fascinating personal story!
Review: Helen Chapman's letters provide an interesting and fascinating personal story of an army wife in deep south Texas at the end of the Mexican War. Written primarily to her parents in Massachusetts, the correspondence covers a four-year period and details the domestic, social, and official life that she experienced as the spouse of Captain William Chapman, a U.S. Army quartermaster who exercised important responsibilities in Matamoros, Fort Brown, and the coastal ports of Isabel and Brazos Santiago. Although Helen Chapman does not provide the particulars of her husband's military duties, she sketches an outline of his activities as the army left Mexico and established military posts immediately north of the Rio Grande. The most absorbing aspects of the letters are Chapman's descriptions of the land, the people, and the border life and culture of the south Texas frontier. The depiction of her personal and family life round out this story, revealing a remarkable and intelligent woman who adapted easily to the country and enjoyed the surprises that it provided.

This work contributes useful insights for both military and social historians. The letters that deal with the United States's military withdrawal from Mexico provide bits of interesting information regarding Captain Chapman's role as defacto mayor of Matamoros as well as his responsibilties in moving equipment and supplies across the river and building Fort Brown. It is also interesting to note that Captain Chapman's duties required him and his wife to travel regularly between Fort Brown and the Gulf coast and to maintain homes in both locations.

Military historians will also find interesting the mention of individual military personnel who visited the Chapman home and about whom Helen Chapman commented. Equally interesting are her observations about Mexican military officers Mariano Arista, commandant of Matamoros and later president of Mexico, and Francisco Avalos,also commandant of Matamoros.

Chapman's letters are a rich treasure t! rove for social and family historians. She comments extensively on subjects ranging from diet and religion to temperance and the social customs and mores of the Mexican borderlanders. A faith in the benefits of education inspired her campaign for both Sunday and regular schools. Her attempts to deal with the guilt caused by the separation from her young son, who remained with her parents in Massachusetts, is evident in much of the early correspondence, as is the joy and pride that she felt in him once the youngster joined the family in south Texas. Letters relating to her own pregnancy and her bout with the dreaded cholera reveal attitudes about mid-nineteenth-century medical problems and their treatment. The social problems of children and family are also emphasized when the Chapmans, at the behest of a Mexican man, "adopt" his daughter and then give her up when the father demands her return.

[T]his work provides a fascinating and riveting account of a four-year period in one woman's life.

Rating:
Summary: A woman every reader will be glad to have met.
Review: Letters stored in an attic for nearly a century and a half are the subject of a fascinating book edited by the letter writer's great-great grandson.

Caleb Coker, an attorney in Jacksonville, Fla., took on the task of preserving New Englander Helen Chapman's voluminous correspondence from the Texas frontier, where she lived with her husband, William, a West Pointer who built Fort Brown and helped found Brownsville.

The News from Brownsville is more than just good reading. Coker has done a fine job of combining the letters with newspaper accounts of the day to create a chronicle of the frontier experience and a portrait of an exceptional woman.

When Helen Chapman left her home in Massachusetts to join her husband after a two-year separation while he participated in the Mexican War, she also left behind (with her mother) her 8-year-old son, Willie, whom she would not see for 20 months. This was a great hardship, but life on the south Texas frontier was too unsettled for a child. For the first six months after Helen landed at Brazos Santiago in January 1848, the Chapmans lived in Matamoros, Mexico. At war's end, they moved across the Rio Grande, where Major Chapman built Fort Brown; it was a primitive home, but the community quickly developed and Helen worked hard for the establishment of Brownsville's first Protestant church in 1850.

Live on the edge of civilization transformed Helen from a woman of privilege who had never had to think much about social concerns to one who was right smack in the middle of them: violence, poverty, intemperance and its results, disease, war, racism, slavery, the ravages of weather and the lack of educational and religious facilities. She wrote about them and she worked hard for change, soliciting funds from Northern friends for schools. She is now credited as the first Anglo to demand civil rights for Mexicans living in Texas. She also defined racism in modern terms as "as dreary hatred (to) be subdued between men who are now living side-by-side as citizen! s of a common republic."

Coker's narrative notes placing the letters in their historical contex and appendices containing profiles of those whose paths crossed the Chapman's and excerpts from newspaper articles are particularly helpful.

Helen Chapman is a woman every reader will be glad to have met, and her correspondence captures a time and place with great clarity.

Rating:
Summary: An enjoyable, enlightening account of a distinctive frontier
Review: This engaging collection of letters provides a vivid personal reaction to life on the southernmost frontier of Texas during the four years following the Mexican War, first in Matamoros during the American occupation, and subsequently at Fort Brown, Brazos de Santiago, and Point Isabel. The principal corresondent is Helen Ellsworth Blair Chapman, the intelligent, compassionate, spirted, and devoted wife of West point-educated Captain William Warren Chapmen, U. S. Army quartermaster at Matamoros and later at Fort Brown and Corpus Christi. He too is represented in the correspondence, but it is through Helen's New Englander eyes, principally in letters to her mother in Westfield, Massachusetts, that we see life in the Lower Rio Grande.

The compiler/editor, a great great grandson of the Chapmans, seems to have chosen wisely among the largesse of the Chapman Family Papers deposited in the Barker Texas History Center.

Thanks to the preservation of this splendid collection and to Caleb Coker's judicious efforts in assembling these letters, both the general reader and the historian have access to an enjoyable, enlightening account of a distinctive frontier experience. Rarely do private letters possess the literary grace, the intelligent observations of new surroundings and acquaintances, and the warmth of family relationships on display in this volume, resulting in a welcome addition to the limited body of published material on the history of the Lower Rio Grande.