The Secret Voyage of Sir Francis Drake, 1577-1580

Rating:
Summary: A Very Detailed Account of Drake's 1577-1580 Trip
Review: Author Samuel Bawlf has provided us with a very scholary account of Sir Francis Drake's trip around the world with an emphasis on his April to September 1579 trip to latitude 57 degrees in southern Alaska. Harvard historian Samuel Eliot Morison, as have numerous other historians, labeled Drake's Bay and Nova Albion off the coast of California north of San Francisco whereas author Bawlf has Nova Albion located on Vancouver Island. Albion, by the way, is the Greek word for England, so Nova Albion would translate to New England. I am not to argue one way or another regarding how far north Drake traveled up the North American west coast, but the author provides a good case for Drake traveling north to latitude 57 degrees. Drake's trip was to be one of exploration, but Elizabeth made it clear to him that if he conducted raids on Spanish settlements along the way, she would not object. A good account is provided regarding the execution of Thomas Doughty for stirring up discontent among the crew against Drake near the same location where Ferdinand Magellan staged an execution of his own near Port St. Julian in what is now southern Argentina. I knew Drake died at sea in the Caribbean, but did not know he had suffered and died from dysentery and his body was then lowered into the sea. Drake wasn't sure how Queen Elizabeth would react to the death of Thomas Doughty, and I found it interesting that when Drake kneeled before the queen to be knighted on the Golden Hind that she mentioned that maybe she should remove his head instead. Near the end, I felt the book told me more than I cared to know about the islands north of Vancouver Island. However, if you are interested in books on exploration, you should enjoy this book.

Rating:
Summary: A great historical composition.
Review: Bawlf does a great job of telling the story of the man that first circumnavigated the globe. He tells us of the battles fought, the seamen hanged, the gales that beat down on them, and does it all with extensive use of various resources that seem to have taken a long time to research. This is the first book that I've read on the subject, so I cannot speak of any discrepencies or possible points of conflict with other resources on the subject or times, though I cannot imagine a scenario where such an historian as Bawlf, could lead us to believe that the story he told is anything but the truth. It is with great pleasure that I've learned about the amazing Drake through this easy to follow historical guide. I would reccomend this book to anyone with an interest in nautical history, and also to anyone who's interested in historical piracy because in fact, Drake was exactly that: possibly the most successful and notorious pirate of all time.

Rating:
Summary: He Never Made it to San Francisco!
Review: Growing up in the SF Bay Area, I was told (taught?) that Sir Francis Drake "discovered" the bay and left a plaque. So I was suprised to read in this book that um, he didn't ever go to SF. Go figure!

I mean, I was genuinely suprised when I got to the end of the book and figured that he wasn't heading towards SF. I guess that story was proven false about twenty years ago, but I never heard different.

So that was cool.

Otherwise, the book is capable, but hardly imparts the um, flavor of what a 16th century sea voyage must have been like. His prose is decent enough, but it doesn't sparkle.

There is over ample coverage of the high politics of the period (understandable, since Drake figured prominently in many inter govenmental shenanigans).



Rating:
Summary: Adventurous, thought provoking
Review: Once the reader gets past the European political chess games of the day, this is a bold, daring and energetic portrayal of possibly the most celebrated English navigator to sail the seas. Not only does Bawlf lure the reader into Drake's numerous exploits around the world, but he also augments the attention level as far as Drakes' secret undertakings to locate the infamous Strait of Anian. His voyage to search out the Northwest Passage is a thrilling experience of confronting and battling storms, plundering Spanish treasure fleets, capturing naval captains, day to day survival tactics, etc.

The author does justice in examining the secretiveness and elusiveness of Drake's northern Pacific mission by detailing and meticulously picking through the available literature to vindicate his whereabouts. Possibly the first expedition to traverse the Pacific into its far northern limits, Drake then heads south to explore Vancouver Island and the Columbia River, two centuries before Cook and others.

For the most part, Drake was the gentleman's pirate, always treating his captives with the utmost regard. Many of his short-term prisoners had a high reverence for the man. It goes without saying, he frustrated Spain's King Philip by constantly evading his nautical strategies.

A very enjoyable and insightful read.

Rating:
Summary: A necessary telling
Review: Samuel Bawlf's account of the secret voyage Sir Francis Drake undertook from 1577 in order to (dis)prove the theoretical Strait of Anian (as predicted by the Flemish geographer, Abraham Ortelius) that provided a northern passage linking the Atlantic and Pacific oceans is a remarkable account of exploration by one of England's most revered heroes. By piecing together cryptic notes in maps that Drake later gave to his friends after Crown refusal to publish the true account of the voyage of the Golden Hinde, Bawlf presents a more enlightening read of a voyage that has had the official cloak of secrecy about it for the past five centuries.
The author's four part book opens with Drake's privateering in the Carribean at the hands of John Hawkins and his saving of the Judith after the English fleet destruction at San Juan de Ulua. After necessarily giving a brief political sketch of the European powers at the time, Bawlf plunges into Drake's Private War on the Spanish from 1569 to primarily on the Isthmus of Panama, plundering Spanish-looted South American gold. Focusing on his attempts to gain the gold and gems bound for Nombre de Dios we are drawn into a compelling story of one wasted ambush after another until he finally attained success with the aid of the Frnech captain Le Testu and the cimarrones. After the ordered cessation of his privateering he turned his aims towards ther Southern Sea and a passage to Cathay and we learn muh of the politics surrounding Frobisher's claim a strait did exist to Cathay, Walsingham, John Dee and the effort to get an expedition together....to eventually be headed by Francis Drake.
Part II deals with his circumnavigation around the globe as per the official reports of the time. Sailing down South America's Eastern coastline he navigated the treacherous waters of Magellan's straits, discovered that Terra del Fuego is actually a very large island and displayed those almost hollywood-esque tendencies of being a gentleman cosair but his dealings with the traitorous John Doughty showed a man of steel. Once in the Pacific he became the scourge of the Spanish, eventually returning with huge amounts of plunder. It ends with reference to the inordinate amount of time it took him to sails through the Indonesian archipelago (6 months)
Part III deals with his later life, returning constantly to the theme that the details of his voyage were deliberately obscured by the Elizabthan government, pointing to various maps by the great cartographers of the time that show no landmass indications above 50 degrees latitude were permitted. We touch on his famous raid on Cadiz, his destruction of the Spanish Armada, the questioning of his achievements by Cavendish, and his subsequent death from dysentry in the Carribean. Bawlf touches on accounts of his voyage after his death, particularly on resumption of hostilities with Spain during 1625 and how his journey passed into popular myth. Further attempts to prove the existence of the Anian Strait are catlogued, from Perez's attempt of 1774, the Russian fur trade, Captain James Cook in 1778, Dixon's attempt of 1786, and Vancouver's of 1792 which finally concluded the only seaway was the Bering Strait tween the Pacific and the Artic.
Part IV returns to give a true account of the months April to September 1579 where a collation of the evidence (oral, documented and physical evidence) strongly suggests that Drake sailed up the American west coast and located Vancouver island (he named it Nova Albion) going so far as to site a possible colony at the Bay of Small Ships. Much detail is given over to plotting the exact course and whilst theoretical the deductive scholarship is extremely plausible.
Bawlf's book is immensely enjoyable and informative, not only dealing with the particulars of the official and actual events of Drake's voyage but supplying it in a global manner that explains much of Europe's interference in the New World and the commencement of the Great Age of Discovery. We follow a man, who became the greatest navigator of his time in both his country's and his enemies' eyes for whom his voyage to discover a northwest passage in order to further England's colonial hopes actually served to establish England's mastery of the Seas and commence what became a gradual march towards Empire. For the general reader this book is extremely accessible and is magisterial in its command of the subject matter. Never degrading into dry scholarship what Bawlf has managed to do is restore the glory that Drake deserved and reveal the truth behind his search beyond the 50 degree latitude.

Rating:
Summary: Meticulous scholarship; exceptional narrative
Review: This history of Drake's voyage around the world in 1577 is a rare delight. It has the narrative force of one of the world's great adventure stories but only because Bawlf clearly and economically provides all of the political and economic context necessary to intrpet the context, the true purpose and the consequences of the voyage. Of the many accounts of Drake's voyage that I've read, this is by far the most comprehensive and enjoyable. The prose is clear, unassuming and well-crafted.

It is also, of course, a surprising book. Though the voyage is very well known, many of the well-established events are not. The book is serious scholarship and as compelling as Patrick O'Brian's fiction. The primary thesis of the latter portion of the book, that Drake traveled much further north than is usually assumed, is clearly presented and documented; I hope and expect that this will lead to further scholarship on the issue. Nevertheless, independent of that point, the book remains as one of the clearest and well-written and enjoyable narratives of one of European histories most important voyages.

Rating:
Summary: Filling in the dark gaps of a voyage kept secret
Review: This is an essential book if you want to understand Queen Elizabeth I's maritime policy. England was late on the oceans and Spain and Portugal were all powerful. They had conquered an immense empire all around the world. Philip II put Elizabeth under pressure with the war in Flanders and the Netherlands against the rebellious protestants, with his capture of the Portuguese crown, and with his maritime power and the promised invasion of England (Invincible Armada) to put Mary Stuart on the throne. Elizabeth will use Sir Francis Drake and other English navigators to build her maritime power and defenses, and to haunt the oceans, seize Spanish ships and their cargoes of gold, silver, spices and other goods, and even raid harbours in New Spain, the West Indies and even Spain and Portugal. But this constant pressure prevented Elizabeth from engaging in the colonial conquests her navigators were ready to do. She remained cautious in front of the menace. But she intelligently worked hand in hand, and particularly purse in purse, with the navigators and London merchants to pay for the investment in her fleet and her defenses. She introduced the practice of « joint-stock companies » to develop her maritime power and her first colonies. This will shape the future for many centuries. On the other hand Sir Francis Drake was the first English navigator to go through Magellan's Strait, up Chile, Peru and Mexico, then to discover and explore the west coast of what is today Canada, Washington and Oregon, from the southern limit of Alaska to Whale Cove in Oregon. He never discovered the northern passage from the Pacific to the Atlantic, though he believed he had, but he then crossed the Pacific Ocean and came back to England around the Cape of Good Hope. What was clear with him is that he tried to have good relations with the natives he discovered, when they were not hostile, with the idea in mind that the future colonists will have to work along and establish good commercial relations with them. He envisaged the necessity, later on, to convert them to the good God, the protestant God, but that was not his immediate objective. He also had good relations with ex-slave escapees and even took some under his protection on his ship. He did not envisage slavery. That was to come from the connection between free enterprise plantations in southern colonies and the desire to survive against the Indians in the puritan northern colonies that will lead to slavery, the rejection of Indians, and eventually the War of Independence, the Civil War and the Indian Wars. The book is rich in details and the author's method is good and productive as for acceptable hypotheses about the dark points of Drake's big voyage that was kept mostly secret by decision of Elizabeth.

Dr Jacques COULARDEAU


Rating:
Summary: Save your $.
Review: This is not a bad book. But this voyage has been greatly described in the past (1972) by George Malcolm Thomson in his "Sir Francis Drake". Save your buck and search for the old book.

Rating:
Summary: An entertaining important account
Review: This wonderful account is required reading for anyone interested in Piracy, the English Navy or exploration. Sir Francis Drake was a legend and his exploits are almost unbelievable. He almost brought Spanish trade to a standstill in the New world. He Sacked Cadiz and he helped defeat the Spanish armada of 1588. And in 1577-80 he circumnavigate the globe, becoming only the second person to do so since Magellan. Even more extraordinary he did so not for explorations purpose or to seek out trade, but mostly just for the hell of it. Drake went around the world because he had already navigated the straits of Magellan and entered the pacific to raid Spanish trade around Chili and the Philippines. By the time he was near the Philippines it was actually easier for Drake to go west rather then turn back.

The authors main argument and reason for writing this book is to investigate what Drake did for the many months that are unaccounted for in his voyage. The Authors argument, based on some evidence, is that Drake discovered/mapped the Northwest, including the coasts of Vancouver, Oregon and Alaska. Most of this information was omitted from official account, most likely because Queen Elizabeth wanted to establish a colony on the west coast of America to rival the Spanish Main.

The author explores much of Drakes life as well as covering the circumnavigation in depth. This is an important work that investigates a Pirate turned accidental explorer who helped map a region of the world that wouldn't be acknowledged and re-mapped for almost a hundred year or more. A wonderful account, very entertaining and easy to read.

Rating:
Summary: An entertaining important account
Review: This wonderful account is required reading for anyone interested in Piracy, the English Navy or exploration. Sir Francis Drake was a legend and his exploits are almost unbelievable. He almost brought Spanish trade to a standstill in the New world. He Sacked Cadiz and he helped defeat the Spanish armada of 1588. And in 1577-80 he circumnavigate the globe, becoming only the second person to do so since Magellan. Even more extraordinary he did so not for explorations purpose or to seek out trade, but mostly just for the hell of it. Drake went around the world because he had already navigated the straits of Magellan and entered the pacific to raid Spanish trade around Chili and the Philippines. By the time he was near the Philippines it was actually easier for Drake to go west rather then turn back.

The authors main argument and reason for writing this book is to investigate what Drake did for the many months that are unaccounted for in his voyage. The Authors argument, based on some evidence, is that Drake discovered/mapped the Northwest, including the coasts of Vancouver, Oregon and Alaska. Most of this information was omitted from official account, most likely because Queen Elizabeth wanted to establish a colony on the west coast of America to rival the Spanish Main.

The author explores much of Drakes life as well as covering the circumnavigation in depth. This is an important work that investigates a Pirate turned accidental explorer who helped map a region of the world that wouldn't be acknowledged and re-mapped for almost a hundred year or more. A wonderful account, very entertaining and easy to read.