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Summary: Tambiah's internal framework of science schemata
Review: Concerning Tambiah's inquiry into science in this book:In "Magic, Science, Religion, and the Scope of Rationality," Harvard anthropologist Stanley Tambiah examines the logic and sociology of scientific inquiry. Tambiah identifies (see figure on page 141) the internal framework of scientific inquiry as a collection of relations between, on the one hand, bodies of specialized knowledge (rectangles) and, -- on the other, subdisciplines, specializations with conventions and "rules of the game" (ovals) accepted by peer groups and professional associations. Tambiah suggests "that the Western conception of science as a labeled, self-conscious and reflexive activity of experimentation, measurement and verification matured in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries in Europe, that at this time there was a decisive separating off of Christianity (Protestantism) from science, and the repudiation of a third realm of activity as magic. . . . A very critical precondition of modern science was the contribution of early Greece. According to the classicists it was in early Greece that the systematization of the rules of demonstration and proof was begun, and the marking off of nature as the domain of regular laws of causality was achieved (p. 140)." While Tambiah's historical explanation situates science in relation to magic and religion, the chart on page 141 is schematically useful to orient the internal framework of science in relation to external frameworks (of special contemporary interest), namely to 1) technological applications and interventions in society, 2) the social construction of knowledge / cosmological and ideological belief systems, 3) soico-political and economic interests in society, and 4) the impact of "external history." To gain useful purchase on the sociology of science, see this chart / figure.
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